Phonetic typewriting machine



lJune 17, 1941. J, SWEENEY. I 2,246,195

PHoNETIc TYPEWRITING MACHINE Filed sept. 24, 1938 5 sheets-sheet 1 June 17, 1941. J; L. SWEENEY 2,246,195

PHONETIC TYPEWRITING MACHINE Filed Sept. 24, 1958 5 Sheets-Sheet 2 l e l' l 4 27 23 I I h H 27 yg 1ML 'Uv Hu SNL, 29 j! 'Y 40 l2 I0 13 Il l J3 10 70 38 a of. A|

3 6 57 65 34 INVENTOR J1EE SWEE/vfy BY? MM AT RNEY June 17, 1941 J. l. swEENEY PHONETIC TYPEWRITING' MACHINE Filed Sept. 24, 1938 5 Sheets-Sheet 3 l mvENToR Jilf'f Jwffwfy N-Aw x" ATT NEY June 17, 1941.

J. L.v SWEENEY PHONETIC TYPEWRITING MACHINE Filed Se'pt. 24, 1938 5ISheets-Sheet 4 S. Www:

` INVENTOR J.' Ef Swim/.sy

J BY

ATT

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June 17, 1941. J. L SWEENEY 2,246,195

PHONETIC TYPEWRITING MACHINE Filed Sept. 24, 1938 5 Sheets-Sheet 5 o u: n.)

w ij E@ o@ EE) B 1 1 .gy 1 E LL, -I i3 E;

o x m) INV ENTOR J. LEE SWEENEY Patented June 17, 1941 rnoNETIo Maonmn Joseph Lee Sweeney, New York, N; Y.- Applicatlon September 24, 1938, Serial'No. 231,478

41 Claims.

This invention relates to typewriting machines, and more particularly to phoneticA typewriting machines.'

Shorthand typewriters have been constructed heretofore which rely largely for such efilciency as they achieve upon somefsystem of code. In such machines, the type bars are provided with letters or characters, and single characters and arbitrary groups of characters or letters are used to represent the various letters and/or sounds of the spoken language. lSuch a system must be learned before the operation of the machlneitself can be learned, which means an initial multiplicationof work. Obviously, moreover, the

written product of the machine can be intelligible only to such readers as are familiar with the particular system of code used. Both of these factors have heretofore been'drawbacks to the successful development of shorthand typewriters.

'It is one of the primary objects of this'invention to provide a typewriter capable of writing at virtually the speed of the spoken language but whose product will be intelligible tothe normal reader without the necessity of knowing any system of code.

lAnother object of the invention is to provide a .typewriting machine with which any single syllable may be written phonetically with a single stroke on the keyboard. p

A further object is to provide a-keyboard for a typewriter with which the above objects may be accomplished with the fewest possible keys.

-A still further object is to provide'a simplified and quieter form of ribbon and inkingmechanism for a typewriter.

A general object L; to provide a new system of phonetic typewiting. Many other objects and advantages ofthe invention will in part be obvious and will in part be pointed-out during the course of the renowing description. Y i primary purpose of the system of writing of the invention is to make it possible'to reproduce any -word in the English language. 'quickly andj easily in its phonetic form, with a minimum of characters and a minimum possibility of beingv mistaken Vfor any other word. 'I'h'e first step in the development of this system is to break down all words to' their component syllables.

Every syllable other than single vowels consists of one .of the followingl three combinations: consonant-vowel, vowel-consonant, or consonantvowel-consonant. The term consonant" as used above includes consonantal sounds representedwby a group of consonants such as shg "with thekey'- designations. f' i f known as a digraph, or shr, known as a trigrapli. Certain of these consonantal sounds may voccur either initially or inally in a syllable, and others occur only initially but never finally, and vice versa.

Similarly the vowel sounds may preferably be reproduced largely by the use of vowel digraphs, rather than by using diacritical marks in conjunction with the single vowels or diphthongs used in e'tymological spelling.

The system of writing developed in accordance with this invention is based upon the above outlined discoveries and principles. It may be written with pen or pencil or may be printed on a typewriter. In order, however, to make the most of the advantages it affords, it has been found preferable to embody its essentials` in the construction of a typewriting machine. The object of this machine,` as indicated above, is` to be able to print whole syllables at a single stroke on the keyboard. Further explanation of this system of writing, therefore, will be given-inconnection with the following description ofA a typewriter embodying the invention, which description is given as a non-limiting example in connection with the accompanying drawings, in which:

l Figure l is a plan view ofsa phonetic typewriter constructed-in accordance with the invention; Figure 2 is a .bottom view of the mechanis shown in Fig. 1;

Figure .3 is a longitudinal section on the line 3-4 in Fig. 1, looking inthe directionof the arrows; v

Figures 4 and 5-are partial sections on the lines 4-4 and 5-5, respectively, in Fig.,ll,l looking in the directionof the arrows;y f

Figures 6 and 7 are detail views partly in elevation and partly in section, showing the operationof a typical pair of keys and key leve with-'their common type -ban' and l Figure 8 is a plan viewof a modified-form of keyboard which may be used with the typewriter, the characters on the type bars'corresponding Th'e chassis framefof the Imachine comprises generally the two metal 'side pieces II and "I2, bolted at i3 to top 'plate iii, also preierablyfof metal. Sides Ii and I 2 include legs-I4 and I5, which maybe provided with rubber feet'ii. The `rest of the frame includescrossbar i1, which carries channelli, and cross bar i9;

The key levers, identified by the generalreferof key levers 2li is provided with a coil spring 23 in comb 24 are necessarily somewhat irregularly staggered in order to fit properly the non-uniformly bent key levers 20.

Above the key levers there is provided a stop 21 of leather or other suitable material carried by a channel 28 mounted in the chassis by means such as brackets 29. Key levers 20 and their associated keys are arranged to operate in pairs as shown in Figs. 6 and 7 and described hereinafter. Each pair of key levers is provided and operatively connected with one of type bars 3|. Each type bar carries a pair of characters, one above the other as shown in Fig. 3, arranged to strike against platen 33 on shaft 32 and thus to prin-t on movable paper tape 33.

The convenient arrangement of paper' feed means will be more clearly seen by reference to Figs. 1'4. As will be explained hereinafter, the machine is designed to print each syllable on a separate line of tape 33, and so the paper feed is designed to advance tape 33 one line each time any of the key levers are operated. Platen shaft 32 rotates with the platen in the chassis and has fixed thereto ratchet wheel 34, which is operated by pawl 35 in the following manner:

Pivoted on shaft 2| is a frame comprising side pieces 36 and 31, space bar 40, and torsion member 38, serving to communicate the action of each key as uniformly as possible to the paper feed mechanism hereinafter described. Space bar 40 is preferably channel shaped to carry a buffer member 39 of fibre or other suitable material which bears against the lower edges of key levers' 20. Side piece 36 is extended to form arm 4|. at the end of which is secured one end of bell crank lever 42. The other end oi' lever 42 is pivoted to one end of link member 43, whose onpcsite end is pivoted to approximately the middle of curved lever 44, pivoted at 45 to side frame |2 and at its other end to pawl 35. Movement of lever 44 on pivot 45 is controlled by coil Spring 46 fixed to' stud 41 in side frame |2. The action of this assembly is as follows:

When the key levers are in normal rest position, pawl 35,is in advanced position.' When a key is struck, depressing one of key levers 2U. space bar 40 will likewise be depressed, causing arm 4| to rise, with a clockwise movement as viewed in Fig. 4. 'I'his motion causes the upper end of bell crank lever 42 to move similarly and thus operate through link 43 to dra-w lever 44 back against the pull of its spring 46. This in turn operates tn retract pawl 45. and bring it into engagement with a different tooth on ratchet wheel 34. Then when the key is releasedv and arm 4| returns to normal position, spring 46 opcrates to draw lever 44 forward to its normal position and thus forces pawl 35 to rotate ratchet wheel 34 and platen 33.

The movement of arm 4I and lever 42 is guided and controlled by a stud 48 in side frame I2, cooperating with slot 49 in arm 4| and lever 42. This arrangement acts as a stop to limit movement of the paper feed assembly. To insure the return of space bar 40 and arm 4| to normal rest'position after each stroke, there is provided a pair of coil springs 50 extending from pegs 5| to side pieces 36 and 31.

Paper tape 33 is f-ed from any convenien-t source of supply as a roll or a tray, not shown, and passes over idler rolls 52 on shaft 53 mounted in the chassis, over guide shield 54 and around the platen. Cooperating with `the platen is a friction roll 55 of rubber or other suitable material, rotating freely on shaft 56 carried by bail member 51. Bail 51 may also carrya shield 58 over which tape 33 is guided off the platen and out of the machine.

The above mentioned means for holding and releasing the paper are more clearly seen in Figs. 2 and 3. Paper shield 54 is rockingly mounted on shaft 59 secured in the chassis frame. Mounted on shafts 53 and 59 is a spring 63 arranged normally to urge shield 54 and tape 33 against platen 30. Friction roll bail 51. is pivoted on shaft 53, and there is also mounted on shaft 53 a coil spring 6| arranged to apply torque through hook 62 to bail 51 and so to urge friction roll 55 against the platen. Thus in normal position, tape 33 is held against platen 30 by shield 54 and friction roll 55, and when the platen is rotated as described above, tape 33 is necessarily carried along with it and so fed through the machine` When it is desired to release tape 33. this may be accomplished by merely rocking bail 51 on shaft 53 to draw roll 55 away from platen 30. In the. view in Fig. 3, this would be in clockwise direction. One side of bail 51 is extended to form an arm 63 and shoulder 64. When bail 51 lis rocked as described above,`shoulder 64 moves upward against shield 54 and thus operates to rock it on shaft 59, causing the shield to release its pressure against the platen and paper. When bail 51 has moved suiiiciently to release tape 33 completely, arm 63 strikes shaft 59 and so prevents further movement. When bail 51 is released, spring 6| causes it to return roll 55 against the platen, and spring 60 similarly causes shield 54 to return to its gripping position. Bail 51 may conveniently have formed thereon a serrated edge 65 to facilitate tearing off of tape 33 when it is desired to remove copy from the machine.

A novel form of ribbon and inking mechanism is most clearly seen in Figs. l and 5, and includes an endless ribbon 63, travelling on a track composed of studs 61, 33, and`69 and roller pulley 13. Studs 63 and 69 are carried by L-shaped plate 1| mounted on chassisplate I0. Stud 31 is carried by slide 12 mounted on plate 1| by means such as studs 13 in slots 14 and controlled by tension spring 15 whose other end is attached to a peg 13 on chassis plate l0. Roller 1.0 is mounted on an axle 11 carried by brackets 13 and 13 fixed. on chassis frame The driving mechanism for ribbon 66 is such that roller 16 is caused to rotate by operation of space bar 40. Fixed to roller 10 is a gear 30. Riveted in bracket 19 is a-stud 3| on which rotate a pair of bevel pinlons 32 and 83 joined together in any suitable way as by a sleeve 84 to operate as a single gear. Pinion 82 meshes with gear 30, and pinion 3 3 meshes with another bevel pinion 35 fixed on platen shaft 32. Roller 10 is preferably covered with a pad 86 of felt or other absorbent material which serves as a reservoir for ink. It will be obvious from the above description that each time platen 33 is rotated by operation of space bar 43, roller 10 will be caused to rotate through Aoperation of gears 8|), 32, 33 and 35, and thus ribbon 6B will have imparted thereto an endless movement. Also by impregnating pad 86 with ink, ribbon 69 may be kept inked by reason of its constant passing over this pad.

It should be pointed out that if desired, the above inking assembly may be dispensed with, and aconventional type of ribbon feed substituted therefor. Thus the construction of the machine is such that standard ribbon spools may be mounted on chassis plate I and driven by any means conventional in the typewriting machine art. It should be pointed out also that by reason of the above described assembly for operating the paper feed and the ribbon, there is achieved a simple and positive dwell or synchronized stopping of both platen and ribbonbefore and during the actual printing of any characters on the paper tape.

The action of the keys, key levers, and type bars will be more clearly seen by reference to Figs. 3, 6 and 7. As pointed out above, the keys are arranged in pairs. Fig. 3 shows in normal rest position the keys and key levers for A 01, 00" 99, space key 89, 90, 9|, vand "il" 92. Type bar 93 carries the two characters' 1l 99 and 95. As shown invFig. 2, each of key llevers 20 is offset to a varying extent in order construction and operation will be described forI a single pair of keys and key levers with particular reference to Figs. 6 and 7. Before proceeding with this explanation, the

' key means for each type bar.

The mechanism shown in Figs. 3, 6 and'7 provides a suitable and satisfactory means for meeting this problem. This particular mechanism is shown only by way of illustration of one operative construction, and various other ways of accomplishing the same result may be used Without departing from the scope of this invention.

ForI the sake of convenience in description, it will be assumed that keys 96 and 91 are the keys bearing the letters .I" and L", respectively, at

the lefthand side of the keyboard in Fig. 1. Thel operation is the same for every other similar pair of keys. Keys 96 and 91 are provided with key levers 99 and 99, respectively, each operatively connected to a common type bar |00. 'I'he connecting means include a pair of bell crank levers |03 and |02, respectively, pivoted on a common shaft |0I. Shaft |0| is common to the bell crank levers of all of key levers 20, as shown in Figs. 41 and 3. 'Iype bar |00 carries the two characters,

J |04 and L |05. Bell crank lever |03 is pivoted to type bar |00 at |06. Its lower end is provided with a slot |01 to receive pivot pin |09 fixed in key lever 99. Beil 4crank lever |02 is similarly slotted at |09 to receive pivot pin ||0 inv key lever 98. 'I'hese slots are provided to permit the necessary change. of

' centers in the levers for'the dual action of the purpose of this key lever construction should be pointed out. One of the primary objects of the invention is to provide a machine capable of writing .phonetically at substantially the speed of speech. One requirement'. therefore, is that the machine shouldinclude sufficient characters to represent all soundsof the spoken language. 'The objective of speed, however, adds the corollary to this requirement that the number of keys must be kept to a minimum. The objective oi' writing whole syllables at a single stroke provides the requirement that the Vletters must be printed at varying distances from each other along the line. To this, however, the objective of easy reading adds the corollary that: the lines should be as short as possible and hence that the type bars should occupy as narrow a space laterally as possible.

A solution to the above problemsis the placing of two or more characters on each type bar, but

this apparent solution introduces new complica.

tions. One of these is that no type bar can carry two letters which might have to appear in the same syllable, since obviously only one character type bar. The upper end of bell crank lever v| 02 carries a pin sliding in slot ||2 in type bar |00.

The operation of this mechanism is shown in Figs. 6 and 7. Normally the keys, key levers and type bar are in the position shown in Fig. 3,. When it is desired to print the letter "L," key 91 is depressed, and this motion is rtransferred through key lever 99 and bell crank lever |09 and imparts a pushing motion to type bar |00. This causes the type bar to move forward in a horlzontal planealong pin which slides in slot ||2, and to strike platen 90 as shown in Fig. "I,

' thus printing the lower type character |05. Key

nf the two can be printed at a single stroke.

'This problem, however, is explained more fully in `connection with the description hereinafter ,of

the keyboard arrangement and writing system.

The immediate problem is that of means for shifting the'type bars to print the various charlever 99 and its associated members take no part in this movement except for the supporting action of pin When it is desired to print the letter "J, both keys 99 and 91 are depressed, this action being facilitated by providing means such as finger ||9 on key lever 99, which is forced down by key 99 if thatkey alone is struck by the operator. Any

similar connection may be usedv such as a pin in key lever 99 resting on key lever 99. The effect `of this joint movement of key levers 99 and 99 and their respective bell crank levers is to push type bar |00 forward in a diagonally downward plane and thus to print the upper type character |09. as shown in Fig. 6.

'I'he purpose of the above mechanism should be clear when there is taken into account the fact that a primary object of the machine is speed of. operation and compactness together` described mechanism is to provide automatic individual shift means for each individual type bar. So eicient is this shift means that it is possible to print simultaneously the top character on one type bar and the bottom character on an 5 adjacent type bar, as, for example, the letters PR or TH as shown in Fig. 1.

The manner of arranging the letters on the keyboard of the present invention is of great importance to the operation of the machine. as is also the sequence in which the various letters are printed. In order to achieve most effectively the objective of being able to print with a single stroke any syllable in the English language, the letters must be arranged in particular groups and sequence in conjunction with the abovedescribed operating mechanism.

There should be an'initialgroup, preferably at the left side of the keyboard, which should include separate keys for each of the eighteen phonetic consonants which may occur at the beginning of syllables. Moreover, these keys should be so arranged that they can be used inv combination to write at one stroke all the consonantal digraphs and trigraphs which commonly occur at the beginning of syllables, viz:

bl, br, ch, dr, dw, JL'fr, gl, gr, hw, kl, kr, kw, pl, pr, sf, sh, shr, slc, skr, skw, sl, sm, sn, sp, spl, spr, st, str, sw, th, thr, thw, tr, and tw. r

There should be a group of vowel keys, preferably in the center of the keyboard, and including separate keys for a, e, i, o, and u; also a separate key for long a, long e", and oo. These separate keys should be so arranged that in combination they can be used to write at one stroke `the dipthongs ou and oz', and the digraphs ai, all, iu, and oa.

' There should be a iinal group, preferably at the right of the keyboard, which should include separate keys for the fourteen phonetic consonants which occur individually at the end of words and these separate .keys should be so arranged that they can be used in combination to write at one stroke all the consonantal digraphs and trigraphs which commonly occur at the end of the words,

be, ch, dg, ds, dst, dth, dz, fs, ft, its, qst, gz, lcd, ks, kst, lcs-th, kt, lcts, lb, lbz, Ich, ld, ldz, lf, Us, 1fth, lg, llc, llcs, llct, lm, lmz, In, lus, luz, lp, lps, ls, Ish, lst, lt, lth, lts, lv, luz, la, mb, mbz, md, mp, mps, mpt, mt,.mts, me, uch, nd, nde, ng, ngz, nk, nks, ns, nst, ht, nts, nz, ps, pt, pts, rb, rbz, rch, rd, rdz, rf, rfs, rg, rgz, rk, rks, rl, fla, rm, rmz, rn, mz, rp, fps, rs, rsh, rst, rt, rth, rts, rv, rvs, rz, sh, sht, sk, sks, sp, sps, st, sts, th, the, ts, mi,V vz.

The arrangement `oi letters on the keyboard shown in Fig. 1 is believed to .fulfill thel above requirement completely. As shown, this keyboard comprises three main groups of keys. 'I'he lefthand group is designed to be operated by the fingers of the left handv and to reproduce any consonantal sound which may appear initially in a syllable. It includes twenty keys arranged in theorder:

XZCHVJ 5 sTKPL FHWRY DGBMN writing from left to right across the paper tape 76 in the sequence:

XSFDZTHGCHKWBVPRMJLY-N' Therighthand group is designed to be operated by the lingers of the right hand and to reproduce and E.

any final consonantal sound. It includes twenty keys arranged in the order:

KS SH V CH ST R N D F TH L K G T Z S M P B S writing in the sequence: KSRLSSHNKMVDGPCHFTBSTTHZS The center group is designed*` to be .operated by the thumbs of both hands and to reproduce any rvowel sound and includes eight keys arranged in The center four keys shown in Fig. l vare used for convenience and may be omitted without otherwise affecting the use of the machine. They include the characters 1T, and and a space key, and the characters print on the tape in that sequence between the vowel sounds lA That part of its type bar corresponding to the space key is blank.

It will be noted that two letters, namely C and Q, are omitted, since neither appears in phonetic spelling, being reproduced by k or "s" and kw, respectively. Ordinarily, the letter X would also be omitted in favor of eks or "ks", but by including it as shown, the machine is made capable of writing at a single stroke vbisyllables like expert or extract, which will be written XPERT and XTRAKT. t `It will be seen also that the letters are arranged to a great extent so that many common consonantal digraphs can be printed by keys operated by the same finger, that is, keys in the second and third lateral rows, counted from the top in Fig. l, and the same rowvertically. Examples are KW", and 'PR. in the lefthand group,l and RL", NK, ,FT" in the righthand group. 0n the other hand, the letters! are arranged so that it is never necessary for `a finger to strike simultaneously keysvin the second and bottom, or bottom two rows. It would be virtually impossible to achieve the former with any degree of speed or accuracy, and to do the latter would be merely to-prlnt the third row letter as explained above. i f

As was. explained above in connection with Figs. 6 and 7, the two characters on each type bar println the same vertical position en the tape, and only onecan be printed at a. time. Therefore, the-letters should be so arranged on the keyboard that only one letter on each type bar will appear in any one syllable. In other words, iffall the keys are struck simultaneously, only half of the letters `will b e printed. From this it will be seen that when the sequence is described above as XSFD etc., strict accuracy will change this tofX or S, F or D etc. With this modification, however, the complete sequencey y given above is correct. f In order to illustrate more clearly the operation of the invention. an example of its work will I now be given. The followingis a sentence as it is normally written: "All works of quality must bear a price in proportion to the skill, time, expense, and risk attending their invention and manufacture. t

Transcribed phonetically according to the system of this invention, this sentence will read as follows: A1 works of kwality must bara pris inv proporshun to the skil, tim, ekspens, and risk atending ther invenshun and manufakshur.

Written on the machine of this invention, this sentence will appear as follows:

It will be seen that each Word is written according to its articulated sound-that is, as it should be pronounced. Where different vowels A are used to represent supposedly identical sounds,

as in our, e(a)rn and whirl".; north and al(l); polic e) and se(a)l; ful(l)" and stood; tru(e),. who and food"; the vowels are written as Ithey occur in the accepted etymological spelling, with thev silent ones omitted. y Both vowels and consonants are omitted when silent. For this reason, certain words having different etymological spellings may be written alike, as will be noted in the examples of lod(e) and lo(a)d, p i)er and pe(e)rthe silent y as in ri(d)g(e), bu(d)g(e)`, do(d)g(e), to distinguish these words from rig, bug, tdug.

used they give a distinguishing characteristicvto words that might otherwise be in coniiict.

Withthe keyboardassh'own the rootk form of l any syllable or monosyllable inthe English lan'- guage may be written in a single stroke according to the phonetic spelling or pronunciation given it in either Websters or Funk & Wagn'alls dictionaries. 'I'he term root form is used to mean the elementary form of a syllable without any change of ending. For.examp1e,vin beque(a) th(e) d2 the root forms of the two syllables are be and que(a) th. In writing a few past l tenses such as ju(d)g(e)d, the root form of which is ju(d)g(e) thefnal d may be printed by a second stroke, indicated arbitrarily, or left to be indicated by 'the' context. Such cases, how ever, are comparatively rare.

It is believed that the general operation of the machine shown in Fig. 1 will be olea/1` from theare,

above description and examples. There` however, various modications of the illustrated keyboard which will adapt the machine-more advantageously to diiferent types of work. One which will naturally come to mind is the provision of means for writingnumerals. Y

-With the keyboard shown in .Fig-1, numbers must be written out like other words. .However,

on. this keyboard the top row of consonants, namely X, Z, CH, V, J, KS, SH, V, CH, and ST, is included primarilyfor convenience. They are not essential to the accomplishment ofany objective other than speed, and their'contribution to the latter 'is relatively small. The bottom three rows of consonants together with the eight vowel letter in each case being enclosed .in parentheses.

When such words as th .e occur in actual usage their. correct etymolog'cal meaning 'and spelling is indicated by their i :lation to the context. Inl

oral speech the sarrf reliance upon contextl is necessary. 'Ihe context is no less a-positive guide when words are written phonetically than when they are uttered orally. For convenience, how-A ever, the -keyboard disclosed :by'this invention includes a long a and a long e, and the vowels have been arranged-in such sequence vthat any word, when standing alone, may be written so as to be clearly distinguishable from any other word which might be confused with it, thus:`

sound of a as in ca(ugh) t, ba(l)k," -ffha(w) k," to distinguish these words from cat,f"ba(c) k," ha(c)k.' The vowel digraph iu 'may beused for the sound of long uf as in fpur(e) ftub(e) .cut(e) to d-istinguish these words from pur(r) tub, cutJ The vowel digraph yu may be used for the long u at the beginning of lsuch a word as us(e)",lt hereby avoiding any conflict with "us. The" vowel 'digraph aliI may be used for the sound of a" asf in a"(i,) yr34 car (e)f .Y b(e) ar," to distinguish these words from"ar(e') ,"r,

car, bar.V The vowel digraph oa may be used- 'i se The voweldigraph :au maybe used forithel shorthand typewriter,

ent 4invention'is notllix'rnited,l "necessarily, yto the f* precise details lof thesteps, manipulations, and

'y struclbtureas` are herein speciflcallyill ustra'tedand,' i describes, but-it werbe-apparents such bea;

domgm bioomf tb-distinguisnth'ese words" from or, do, blotf The'consonantaldigraph 'l w1 may be used for the sound of r as in (w) ring,

(w).rest, (w)ro(ugh)'t," to distinguish. these tal digraph dg may be used'for the sound of soft words fromvring, rest,"rot." 'I'he consonan' keys will lgenerally be sufiicient for al1 ordinary writing needs.

l This makes it possible to remove the top row of consonants and substitute numerals therefor. K

All that 'is required is lthe substitution in any convenient order on the keyboard and in the proper places on'the type bars of the numerals 1-9 and 0 for the consonants. The Jlogical order. would bei for X.`2 for Z, and yso forth, as shown'in Fig. 8, but obviously any otherlsequence might be used. No special provision has been made for indicating punctuation marks other than the characters 1I, and"f.y These may beadapted in variousiways, or punctuation'xnay be left to the context. Another .way of treating this problem is to use an arbitrary groupy 'of letters td indicate various `punctuation marks; f Such a groupwould ordinarily comprise two or moreadjacentnkeysras'for example, GTZ for a comma.` and.fPBS-for a period; '-.By the useof similar arbitrary groups torepresent otherY let-f-v ters,r the machinemaybe. converted, into acode It.wi11 be ,-seen, ltherefore, thatl the principle, and it will be understood that the prestails are subjectV to various modifications whichjf will become apparent readily to one skilled in the art, without departing fromsthespirit of the in'-A -vention; andit willbe understood; therefore,'that'V it is intended anddesired to -include 'withinthe' f scope of the invention suon-modifications andifl In no sense does this use of digraphs constitute what is commonly known-as a code. On the contrary,.their use is optional and when invenni i; may allel many `fOrms which embrace the samer-.tz

' changes as may be necessary to adapt it to varying conditions and uses.

It is also to be understood that the following claims are intended to cover all of the generic and specific features of the invention herein described, and all statements of the scope of the invention which, as a matter of language, might be said to fall therebetween.

Having described my invention, what I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent is:

1. In a typewriting machinehaving a .frame and a platen, a pair of levers pivotally mounted on said frame, a type bar having a plurality of characters thereon operatively supported by certain ends of said levers, one of said levers beingL connected to said type bar by a lost-motion connection, and means operatively connected with the opposite ends of said levers to cause rotation of the other lever'l about its pivot to move said type bar to press one of said characters against said platen and rotation of both levers about their pivots to move said type bar to press another of said characters against said platen.

2. In a typewriting machine, a type bar, a pair of characters carried one above the other by said type bar, a key and key bar corresponding to each of said characters, said key bars being pivotally and coaxially mounted in said machine, and means for operatively connecting said key bars and said type bar, said means comprising a bellv crank lever pivotally connected to one of said key bars and said type bar and a second bell crank lever pivotally connected to the other of said key bars and slidably and pivotally connected to said type bar, said levers being pivotally and coaxially mounted in said machine.

3. In a phonetic typewriting machine a plurality of types including the characters XSFDZTHGCHKWB-VPRMJLYN arranged in pairs to print alternative characters AoooAEI'U arranged in pairs for printing alternative char acters from left to right in the sequence: A or O, OO or A, E or I, or U, and means for mounting and actuating said types for printing selectively from a type of one or more of said pairs whereby the vowel sound of a syllable may be printed at a single stroke.

5. In a phonetic typewriting machine a plu-` rality of types including the characters KsRLssHNKMvDGPcHF'rBsTTH'zs arranged in pairs to print alternative characters from left to right in the sequence: KSor R,L or S, SHor N, K or M, V or D, G or P, CH or F, T or B., ST `or TH, Z or S, and means for mounting and actuating said types -for printing selectively from atype of one or more of said pairs, whereby final consonantal sounds may be printed phonetically at a single stroke.-

6. In a phonetic typewriting machine, a keyboard comprising a group of keys, each key representing a character, said keys being arranged in the order K W B a plurality of type bars operatively connected with said keys having the said printing characters thereon, said type bars being arranged in said machine, so that reading from left to right, B, F, G, K and P will print before L and R; S will print before T, F.' H, K, P, L, W, M, and N; T will print before H, R, W, and M; D will print before R and W; W will print before R; and G, H and K `will print before W for printing phonetically the initial consonantal sound of a syllable; a second group of keys, each key representing a character, said keys being arranged in the order OO E O A I U a plurality of type bars operatively connected with said keys and having the said printing characters thereon, said type .bars being arranged so that reading from left to right, O will print before A, I, and U; A will print before I and U; and I will print before U, for printing the vowel sound of a syllable; and a third group of keys, each key representing a character, said keys being arranged in the order a plurality of type bars operatively connected with said keys and having said printing characters thereon, said type bars being arranged in said machine so that, reading from left to right, R will print before L; both R. and L will print before N, K, M, D, F, P, B, G, TH, T, Z, and the second S; the first S will print before K, M, D, P, T, and the second S; N will'print before K, D,

TH, T, Z, and the second S; K will print beore D, T, and the second S; M will print before P, T, Z, and the second S; D will print before 'I'I-I, Z, and the second S; F will print before T,.and the second S; P will print before T gooco a plurality of types corresponding to the said letters, certain of said types being arranged singly and certain oth'er of said types being arranged in pairs, means including certain of said keys for KvPL .mounting and actuating said single types for printing selectivelyl from one or morel thereof, and meansv including the remainder of saidkeys for mounting and actuating said pairs of types for printing selectively from a type of one or more of said pairs, all of said typesy being arranged to print the said characters from left to right in the sequence: S, F or D, T, H or G, K, W or B, P, R or M, L, Y or N, whereby the initial d the second S; G will print before TH; B,

consonantal sound of a syllable may be printed at a single stroke.

8. In a phonetic typewriting machine a keyboardincluding a group of keys representing letters or groups of letters and arranged-in the order R N D F 'rn L K G T. z

s M P B s a plurality vof types corresponding to the said letters, certain of said types being arranged singly and certain other of said types being arsonantal sound of a syllable may be printed at a single stroke.

9. In a phonetic typewrlting machine a keyboard including a group of keys representing letters or groups of letters and arranged in the order X Z CEV J S T K P L F E W R Y D G B M N including said keys for mounting and actuating said types for printing selectively from a type of one or more of said pairs, whereby the initial consonantal sound of a syllable may be printed at a single stroke;

10. In a phonetic .typewritingmachine a keyboard including a group of keys representing letters or groups of letters and arranged in the order I oo E l o A I U a plurality of types corresponding to the said letters and arranged in pairs for printing alternative letters from left to right in the sequence A or O, OO or A, E or I, or U, and means including said keys for mounting and actuating' said types for printing selectively from a type oi' one or more of said pairs, whereby -the vowel sound of a syllable may be printed at a single stroke.

11. In a phonetic typewriting machine a keyboard including a group of keys representing letrs and groups of letters and arranged in the or r KS SH V CH ST R N D F TH L K G T Z S M P B S a plurality of types corresponding to said letters and arranged in pairs for printing alternative characters from left to right in the sequence: KSorR,Lor S, SH orN, KorM,Vor.D,GorP, CH or F, T or B, ST or TH, Z or S, and means including said keys for mounting and actuating -12. In a phonetic typewri'ting machine. a keyboard including a group oi.' keys representingr letters and arranged in the order a plurality of type bars operatively connected to i said keys and having -the said letters thereon,

there being a separate type bar for each of the letters S T K P L, and a separate type bar for each pair of letters FD, HG, WB, RM, and YN,

the said type bars being arranged in said machine so that reading from left to right B, F, G, K, P, will print before L and R; S will print before T, F, H, K, P, L, W, M, and N T will print before H, R, W, and M; D will print before R and W;

W will print before R; and, G, H, and K will print before W' for 'printing 'the initial consonantal sound of a syllable, said type bars being mounted -for individual operation or simultaneous operation of two or more type bars.

13. In a phonetic typewriting machine include ing a platen, a plurality of type bars, means to mount said type bars for independent movement against' said platen to permit simultaneous striking of any numberof type bars against said platen, separate means to move said type bars individually, a pair of characters on each of-certain of said type bars, and means associated with said last mentioned means to predetermine which of said characters will-print when said type bar is moved against said platen, the said pairs of characters being FD; HG, WB, RM, YN, LS, KM, GP, TB, ZS, AO, 00A, EI, EU, whereby it will never be necessary to print both characters of a pair to produce a representation of a phonetic syllable in the language with which the typewriting machine is designed to be used.

, 14. Ina typwriting machine for phonetically printing one or more syllables of the English language at a single stroke and including a platen, a plurality of type bars, means to mount said type bars' for independent movement against said platen, permitting simultaneous striking of any number of type bars against'said platen,` separate means to move said type bars individually, a pair of characters or groups of characters on each of said type bars, means associated with said last mentioned means to predetermine which of a pair of characterswill print when the type bar carrying the pair is moved against said platen, said pairs of characters including XS, ZT, CH K, VP, JL, KS R, SH N, VD, CH F, ST TH, FD, HG,'WB, RM, YN, LS, KM, GP, TB, ZS, O, OO A, EI, and U.

15. In a phonetic typewritingl machine, a keyboard comprising a group of keys, each key representing a character, said keys being arranged the order said types for printing selectively from a type of I one or more of said pairs, whereby the nal consonantal sound of a syllable may be printed at a single stroke.

P R M a plurality ofl type bars operatively connected l' witlisaid keys having the said printing characters thereon, certain of said type bars having single characters thereon and certain of said type bars having pairs of characters thereon, said type bars being arranged in Esaid machine so that reading from-left to right B, F, G, K, and P will print before L and R; S will print before T, F, H, K, P, L, W, M, and N; T will print before H, R, W, and M; D will print before R and W; W will print before R; and G, H. and K will print before W for printing phonetically the initial consonantal sound ofa syllable; a second group of keys, each key representing a character, said keys being arranged in the order oo E 'E y o A 1 U a plurality of type bars operatively connected with said keys and having the said printing characters thereon, said type bars being arranged in said machine so that reading from left to right O will print before A, I, and U; A will print before I ard U; and I will print before U, for printing the vowel sound of a syllable; and a third group of keys each key representing a character, said keys being arranged in the order R N D F TH L K o T z s M P B s a plurality of type bars operatively connected with said keys and having said printing characters thereon, said type bars being arranged in said machine so that, reading from left to right, R will print before L; both R and L will print before N, K, M, D, F, P, B, G, TH, T, z, and the second S; the first S will print before K, M, D, P, T, and the second S; N will print before K, D, G, TH, T, Z, and the second S; K will print before D, T, and the second S; M will print before D, P, T, Z, and the second S; D will print before G, 'II-I, Z, and the second S; F will print before TH, T, and the second S; P will print before T and the second S; G will print before TH; B, G, and TH will print before Z and the second S; and T will print before the second S, for printing the nal consonantal sound of a syllable, said groups of type bars being arranged to print in left-to-right sequence.

16. In a phonetic typewriting machine, a keyboard comprising a group of keys, each key representing a character, said keys being arranged in the order X Z CH V J' S T K P L F H W R Y D G B M N- a plurality of type bars operatively connected with said keys having the said printing characters thereon, said type bars being arranged in said machine so that reading from left to right B, F, G, K, and P will print before L and R; S will print before T, F, H, K, P, L, W, M, and N; T will'print before H, R, W, and M; D will print before R, and W; G, H, and K will print before W; Z will print before L, V, and W; and W will print before R, for printing -phonetically the initial consonantal sound of a syllable; a second group of keys each key representing a character, said keys being arranged in the order oo E o A 1 U a plurality of type bars operatively connected with said keys and having the said printing characters thereon, said type bars being arranged in said machine so that reading from left to right O will print before A, I, and U; A will print before I and U; and I will print before U, for printing the vowel sound of a syllable; and a third group of keys each key representing a character, said keys being arranged in the order KS SH V CH ST R N D F TH L K G T Z S M P B S a plurality of type bars operatively connected with said keys and having said printing characters thereon, said type bars being arranged said 4machine so that, reading from left to right, R will print before L; both R and L will print before N, K, M, V, D, F, P, SH, B, G, 'II-I, T, Z, CH, ST, and the second S; the first S will print before K, M, D, P, T, and the second S; N will print before K, D, G, TH, T, Z, CH, ST, and the second S; K will print before D, T, and the second S; M will print before D, P, T, Z, and th'e second S; V will print before the second S and Z; D will print before G, 'I'I-I, Z, ST, and the second S; F will print before TH, T, and the second S; P will print before T and the second S; SH will print before T, Z, and the second S; KS will print before 'II-I and T; G, CH, B, and TH will print bein three groups in the order x z cH v J Ks sa v on sT s T K P L R N D F TH F n W R Y L K e T z D G B M N s` M P B s l.' oo E 1T o A 1 U a plurality of type bars operatively connected with said keys having the said printing characters thereon, said type bars being arranged in said machine so that reading from left to right B, F, G, K, and P will print before L and R; S will print before T, F, H, K, P, L, W, M, and N; T will print before H, R, W, and M; D will print before R and W; G, H, and K will print before W; Z will print before L, V, and W; and W will print before R in the first group; O will print before A, I, and U; A will print before I and U; and I will print before U in the second group; R will print before L; both R and L will print before N, K, M, V, D, F, P, SH, B, G, TH, T, Z, CH, ST,

and the second S; the first S will print before K,l

M, D, P, T, and the second S; N will print before K, D, G, TH, T, Z, CH, ST, and the second S: K will print before D, T, and the second S; M will print before D, P, T, Z, and the second S; V will print before Z and the second S; D will print before G, TH, Z, ST, and the second S; F will print before TH, T, and the second S; Pv will print before T and the second S; SH will print before T, Z, and the second S; KS will print before 'IH and T; G, CH, B, and TH will-print before Z and the second S; G will print before TH `and ST; and T will print before the second. B in for printing said characters from left to right inthe third group, said first, second, and third groups of types being arranged to print from left to right for printing phonetically the initial consonantal soundof a syllable, the vowel sound. and the nal consonantal sound.

18. In a phonetic typewriting machine a keyboard comprising a group of keys, each key representing a character, said keys being arranged in three groups in the order s'rKFL RNDFTH DGBMN sMPBs ooElT oAVrU a plurality of type bars operatively connected with said keys having the said printing characters thereon, said type bars being arranged 'in said machine so that reading from left to right in the iirst group, B, F, G, K, and P will print before L and R; S will print before T, F, H, K, P, L,

W, M, and N; T will print before H, R, W, and M; D will print before Rv and W; W will print before R; G, H, and `K will print before W; reading from left to right in the second group, O will print before A, I, and U; A will print before I and U; and I will print before U; reading from left to right in the third group, R will print before L; both R and L will print before N, K, M, D, F, P, B, G, 'I'I-I, T, Z, and the second S;'the first S will print before K, M, D, P, T, and the second S; N will print before K, D, G, TH, T, Z, and the second S; K will print before D, T, andA the second S; M will print before D, P, T, Z, and the second S; D will print before G, TH, Z, and the second S; F will print before TH, T, and the second S; P will print before T and the second S; G will print before TH; B, G, and TH will print before Zand the second S; and T will print before the second S; said first, second, and third groups of vtypes being arranged to print from left to right for` printing phonetically the initial consonantal sound of a syllable, the vowel sound, and the final consonantal sound.

'19. In a phonetic typewriting machine, a keyboard including a group of keys representing letters and arranged in the order R N D Fy TH LKG SMP T BS a plurality of type bars operatively connected t 30 F, B,`P, G, TH, T, Z, andl the second S; the rst S will print before K, M, D, P, T, and the second S; N will print before K, D, G, TH, T, Z, and the second S; K will print before D, T, and the second S; M will print before D, P, T, Z, and the second S; D will print-before G, TH, Z, and the second S; F will print before TH, T, and the second S;

P will print before T and the second S; G will 45 print before TH; B, G, and TH will print before Z and the second S; and T will print before the second S, for printing the nal consonantal sound of a syllable, said type bars being mounted for individual operationvor simultaneous opera# 50 tion of two or more type bars.

20. In a phonetic typewriting machine, akeyboard including two groups of keys representing letters and arranged in the order S T K P L R N- D F TH F H W R Y L K G T Z D vG B M N S `M P -B S a plurality of,type bars operatively connected to said keys and having the saidvletters thereon,

print before D, P, T, Z, and the second S; D will print before G, TH, Z, and the second S; F will print before TH, T, and the second S; P will print before T andthe second S; G will print before TH; B, G, and TH will print before Z and the second S; and T will print before the second S, in the second group; all of the type bars carrying the letters corresponding to the left group of keys printing to the left of those correspond- 10 ling to the right group of keys, the left group of keys being used for printing the initial consonantal Asound of a syllable, and the right group being used for printing the final consonantal soundv of a syllable, said type bars being mounted for individual operation or simultaneous operation of two or more type bars.

2l. In a phonetic typewriting machine a set of types, certain of said types being arranged singly and certain other of said types being arranged in pairs for printing alternative characters, all of saidtypes being arranged to print characters from left to right in the sequence: S, E or D, T, Hor G,K,WorB,P,RorM,L,YorN,R,Lor S,N,KorM,D,GorP,F,TorB,TH,ZorS, means for mounting and actuating said single types for printing selectively from one or more thereof,- and means for mounting and actuating said pairs of types for printing selectively from a type of one or more of said pairs.

22. In a typewriting machine a frame, a pair of levers pivotally mounted on said frame, a type bar supported by said levers, a pair of characters on said type bar, one of said levers being pivotally attached to one end of said type bar, whereby rotation of said lever will cause movement of said type bar in a predetermined direction, a key operatively connected to said last mentioned lever to cause rotation thereof. when said key is depressed, said other lever being connected to the said type bar with a lost-motion connection, said connection permitting limited movement of said type bar in said predetermined direction without movement of said other lever, whereby said other lever acts to guide the direction of movement of said type bar, a second key operatively connected to said other lever to cause rotation thereof when said second key is depressed, and means acting to depress said first key when said second key is depressed.

.23. In a typewriting machine at least three keys arranged in a row from front to back with the finger engaging surfaces of said keys in substantially the same plane for manipulation with a single flnger, a plurality of type elements, a plurality of type characters on one of said elements and at least one type character on another of said elements, means operatively connecting the two of said keys nearest the operator with said type element having the plurality of type characters there being a separate type bar for each of the co tnereon' Said last mentioned means including reading from left to right, B, F, G, K, and P will 6 print before Land R; S will print before T, F, H, K, P, L, W, M, and N; T will print before H, R, W, and M; D will print before R and W; W will print before R; G, H, and K will print before W,

means to move said type element when the key nearest the operator of said two keys is depressed, so as to print one of said type characters, means Aserving to condition said type element to print y5 the other of said type characters when the other Y of said keys is depressed, and means to cause operation of said key nearest the operator when said other key is depressed but to permit said .key nearest the operator to be depressed without inthe mst group; R will print before L; both R, operation of said other key, and means operativeand L will print 'before N, KM, D, F, P, B,G, TH, T, Z, and the second S; the rst S will print before K, M, D, P, T, and the second S; N will print before K, D, G, TH, T, Z, and the second S; K 'vill print before D, T, and the second S; M will ly to connect said third key with said type element having at least one type character thereon, whereby when all three keys are depressed simultaneously two of said type characters will print,

when the two keys nearest the operator are depressed one ,of the same characters will print,

and when the key nearest the operator is aloneV depressed one different character will print.

24. In a phonetic typewriting machine a keyboard comprising a group of keys, each key representing a character, said keys being arranged from back to front of the machine in the order.

X- Z CH V J KS SH V CH ST S T K P L R N D F TH F H W R Y L K G T Z D G B M N S M P B S A 00 E E O A I U the finger-engaging surfaces of the keys of the iirst four rows from b ack to front lying substantially in the same plane and those of the last two rows from back to front lying substantially in the same plane, `the keys of the first, third, and fifth rows from back to front being enough smaller than the other keys to provide a greatly foreshortened keyboard while permitting said keys of the first, third, and fifth rows to be depressed simultaneously with keys of adjacent rows and each being operatively paired with the key immediately in front of it, a plurality of type bars each being operatively connected with a diierent pair of keys, a pair of types on each type bar corresponding to the characters represented by the keys operativelyconnected to said type barl a platen means mounting and connecting each type bar with its associated pair of keys so as'to move said type bar to press one of said types against said platen when the forward key of said pair is depressed and to move said type bar to press the other of said types against said platen when both keys are depressed, said type bars being arranged to print selectively from alternative characters of one or more of said 'pairs in the sequence X or S, F or D, Z or 'I, H or G, CH or K, WorB,VorP,RorM,JorL,Yor N,or0, ooorA,E0rI,orU,KsorR,Lors,sHorN, KorM,VorD,GorP,CHorF,Tor B,STor TH, Z or S, whereby the initial consonantal sound of a syllable, the vowel sound, and the nnal consonantal sound may be printed phonetically with a single stroke of the keys and with a minimum movement of the operators fingers.

25. In a phonetic typewriting machine a keyboard comprising a group of keys, each key representing a letter or combination of letters, said keys being arranged from back to front of ,the machine in the order Vo L NDF TH DGB MN Mrs 'Icona oAIU ymediately in front of it whereby the initial consonantal sound of a syllable, the vowel sound, and the iinal consonantal sound may be printed phonetically with a single stroke of the keys and withV a minimum movement of the operators iingers.

26. In a typewriting machine for printingva plurality of characters simultaneously, a keyboard comprising a plurality of closely positioned large and small keys arranged in rows with the keys in one row aligned with the keys in the other rows and with their finger engaging surfaces lying in substantially the same plane, there being at least two large keys in front-to-back alignment with one small key, means to/mount each of said small keys in paired relation with a large key in front-to-back alignment with it, so as to cause a large key of a pair to be depressed when the small key is depressed but to permit said large key to be depressed independently of said small key, a plurality of types and means to couple operatively the keys of each pair to a pair of said types so as to print one character when the large key is 'depressed and to print another character when the pair of keys is depressed, the small key of each pair being so small that under .eicient operating conditions it cannot be conveniently depressed singly, thus permitting the keyboard to be greatly foreshortened but also permitting the small key of a pair to be depressed simultaneously with any adjacent key in front-to-back alignment and by means of a single finger.

A27. In a phonetic typewriting machine a set of types for printing the initial consonantal sounds of a syllable and comprising the type characters,

sFDL'rHGKW* BPRMLYN a plurality of type bars, each of which has at least one of said type characters thereon and some of which have a pair of said type characters thereon, a plurality of main keys, means to connect each of said main keys with a type bar so las to cause said type bar to move in a predetermined direction to print one of said'type characters carried thereby when said main key is depressed, a plurality of shift keys, each of said shift keys being closely associated with one of said main keys so that the shift key may be depressed simultaneously with its associated main key by a single finger, means connecting each shift key with the type bar connected to the associated main key to shift the direction of movement of the type bar when the shift key and its associated main key are simultaneously depressed whereby another type character on said type bar is printed, said type characters being arranged on said type bars and said type bars being arranged in the machine so that, reading from left to right, B, F, G, K, and P will print before L and R; S will 'print before T, F, H, K, P, L, W, M, and N; T will print before H, R, W, M; D will print before R and W; W will print before R; and G, H, and K will print before W.

28. In a phonetic typewriting machine a set of types including O, OO, A, E, I, and U, means to mount and actuate said types so that a plurality thereof may be simultaneously printed,

said types being arranged in said machine so that reading from left to right, O will print before A, I, and U; A will print before I and U; and I wil print before U. l

29. In a phonetic typewriting machine a set of vtypes for printing the initial consonantal sounds print before L; both R and L will print beforeu second S; N will print before K, D, G, TH, T, Z,

and the second S; K will print before D, T, and the second S; M will print before D, P, T, Z, and

the second S; D will 'print before G, TH, Z, and` the second S; F will print before TH, T,'and the second S; P will print before T and the second S; G will print before TH; B, G, and TH will print before Z and the second S; and T will print before the Lsecond S.

30. In a phonetic typewriting machine a set of types arranged in three groups and including the following characters: S, F, D, T, H, G, K, W, B, P, R, M, L, Y, and N in the nrst group, o, oo, A, E, I, and U in the second group; and R, L, a rst S, N, K, M, D, G, P, F, T, B, TH, Z, and a second S in the third group, means to mount and actuate said types so that a plurality thereof from each group'may be printed simultaneously, said types being arranged in said machine so that, reading from left to right in the rst group, B, F, G, K, and P will print before L and R; S will print before T, 'F, H, K, P, L, W, M, and N; T Will print before H, R, W, and M; D will print before R and W; W will print before R; and

G, H, .and K will print before W; reading from' left to right in the second group O will print before A, I, and U; A will print before I and U; and I will print before U; reading from left to right in the third group, R will print before L; both R and L will print before N, K, M, D, F, P, B, G, TH, T, Z and the-second S; -the first S will print before K, M, D, P, T, and the second S;

N will print before K, D, G, TH, T, Z, and the second S; K will print before D, T, andthe second S; M will print before D, P, T, Z, and the second S; D willprint before G, TH, Z, and the second S; F will print before TH, T, and the second S; P will print before T and the second before the second S; said rst, second, andrthird' groups of types being arranged to print from left to right.

31. In a phonetic typewriting machine a set oftypes for printing the initial consonantal sounds of a syllable and comprising the type characters XSFDZTHGCHKWB-V PRMJLYN a plurality of type bars each having a pairof `said type characters thereon, a plurality of main keys, means to connect each of said main keys with a type bar so as to cause 'said type bar to move in a predetermined direction to print one of said type characters carried thereby when said main key is depressed, a plurality of shift keys, each of said shift keys being closely associated with one of said main keys so that theshift key may bedepressed simultaneously with its associated main key by a single finger, means connecting each shift key with the type bar connected to the associated main key to shift the direction of movement of the type bar when the shift, key and its associated main key are simultaneously depressed whereby another type char- \acter on said type bar is printed, said type characters being so arranged on said type bars and said type bars being so arranged in the machine that, reading from left to right, B, F, G, K, and P will print before L and R; S will print before T, F, H, K, P, L, W, and N; T will print before H, R, W, and M; D vwill print before R and W;

G, H, and K will print before W; Z will print before L, V, and W; and W will print before R.

32. In a phonetic typewriting machine a set of types for printing the nal consonantal sounds of syllables and including the characters KS, R, L, a first S, SH, N, K, M, V, D, G, P, CH, F, T, B,

ST, TH, Z, and a second S, means to mount' and actuate saidftypes so that a plurality of characters may be simultaneously printed, said types being larranged in said machine so that, reading from left to right, R will print before L, both R and L will print before N, K, M, V, D, F, P, SH, B, G, TH, T, Z, CH, ST, and the second S; the rst S will print before K, M, D, P, T, and the second S; N will print before K, D, G, TH, T, Z, CH, ST, and the second S; K will print before D, T, and the second S; M will print before D, P, T, Z, and the second S; V will print before the second S and Z; D will print before G, TH, Z, ST, and the second S; F will print before TH, T, and the second S; P will print before T and the second S; SH will print before T, Z, and the second S; KS will print before TH and T; G, CH, Band TH will print before Z and the second S;

vGr will print before TH and ST; and T will print before the second S.

33. In a phonetic typewriting machine a set of types arranged in three groups including the characters; S, F, D, Z, T, H, G, CH, K, W, B, V, P, R, M, J, L, Y, and N in the rst group, O, oo, A, E, I, and U in the second group, KS, R, L, a rst S, SH, N, K, M, V, D, G, P, CH, F, T, B, ST, TH, Z, and a second Sin the third group, means to mount and actuate said types so that a plurality of types from each group may be simultaneously printed, said types being arranged in said machine so that, reading from left to right, B, F, G, K, and P will print before L and R; S will print beforeT, F, H, K, P, L, W, M, and N; T will print before H, R, W, and M; D will print before R. and W; G, H, and K will print before W; Z will print before L, V, and W; and W will print before R in. the first group; O will print before A, I, and U; A will print before I and U; and I will print before U, in the second group; R will print before L, both R and L will print before N, K, M, V, D, F, P, SH, B, Gf, TH, T, Z, CH, ST,

and the second S; the rst S will print before K, M, D, P, T, and the second S; N will print before K, D, G, TH, T, Z, CH, ST, and the second S; K will printlbefore D, T, andthe second S; M will print before D, P, T, Z, and the second S; V will print before S and Z; D will print before G,

TH, Z, ST, and the second S; F will print before ysecond S; G will print before TH and ST; and

T will print before the second S in the thirdl group; said first, second, and third groups -of types being arranged to print yfrom 'left to right.

34. In a typewriting machine at least three keys arranged in a row from front to back of the machine with the finger engaging surfaces of said keys 1n substantially the same plane for manipulation by a single linger, a plurality of type characters, means operatively connecting the rearmost key with one o'f said type characters lto cause said type character to print when said rearmost key is depressed, means operatively connecting the foremost key with another of said type characters to cause the last mentioned type character to print when said foremost key is depressed, and means operativelyconnecting the middle key with said last-mentioned connecting means to cause said foremost key associated with said last mentioned connecting means to be depressed when said middle key is depressed and to affect the operation of said last mentioned connecting means to print another of said type characters instead of the one normally printed when said foremost key is depressed, whereby two of said type characters will print when said three keys are simultaneously depressed, one of said same type characters will print when the two keys nearest the operator are simultaneously depressed, and a single different type character will print when the key nearest the operator is depressed alone.-

35. In a typewriter for printing a plurality of characters simultaneously, a keyboard comprising a plurality of closely positioned depressible large and small keys arranged in a plurality of rows extending from front to back of said keyboard and with their finger engaging surfaces lying substantially in the same plane, each of said rows comprising at least one small key having a large key in front of it 'and a large key in back of it, means to mount said keys with a small key of each row in paired relation with one of the large keys of said row, a plurality of types arranged in pairs, means controlled by the large key of each pair to effect printing from one of a pair of types when said large key is depressed, means controlled jointly by the large and small keys of each pair to effect printing from the other of said pair of types when both keys of said pair are depressed, the small key of each pair being so small that under efficient operating conditions, it could not be conveniently depressed singly, thus permitting the keyboard to be greatly foreshortened, but also permitting the small key of each row to be depressed simultaneously with either larg,` key of said row and by means of a single finger.

36. In a phonetic typewriting machine a set of types for printing consonantal characters both at the beginning of `syllables before vowels and at the endof syllables after vowels,'the types used at the beginning of syllables before vowels being S, F, D, Z, T, H, G, CH, K, W, B, V, P,R, M, J, L, Y, N, and those used at the end of syllables after vowels being KS, R, L, a first S, SH, N, K, M, V, D, G, P, CH, F, T, B, ST, TH, Z, and a second S, the said types used at the beginning of syllables before vowels being arranged in the said machine so that reading from left to right B, F, G, K, and P will print before L and R; S will print before T, F, H, K, P, L, W, M, and N; T will print before H, R, W, and M; D will print before R and W; G, H, and K will print before W; Z will print before L, V, and W; and W will print before R; the said types used at the end of syllables, after vowels, being arranged in said machine so that, reading from yleft to right, R will print before L; both R and L will print before N, K, M, V, D, F, P, SH, B, G, TH, T, Z, CH, ST, and the second S; the first S will print before K, M, D, P, T, and the second S; N will print before K, D, G, TH, T, Z, CH, ST, and the second S; K will print before D, T, and the second S; M will print before D, P, T, Z, and the second S; V will print before Z and the second S; D will print before G, TH, Z, ST, andthe second S; F will print before TH, T, and the second S; P will print before T and the second S; SH will print before T, Z, and the second S; KS will print before TH and T; G, CH, B, and TH will print before Z and the second S; G will print before TH and ST; and T will print before the `the beginning of syllables before vowels and at the end of syllables after vowels and for printing vowel sounds of syllables, the types used at the beginning of syllables before Vvowels being S, F, D,

Z, T, H, G, CH, K, W, B, V, P, R, M, J, L, Y, N, and those used at the end of syllables after vowels being Ks, R, L, a nrst s, SH, N, K, M, V, D, G, P, CH, F, T, B, ST, TH, Z, and a second S, and those used for the vowels being O, OO, A, E, I, U, the said types used at the beginning of syllables before vowels being arranged in the said machine so that reading from left to right B, F, G, K, and

P will print before L and R; S will print before T, F, H, K, P, L, W, M, and N; T will print before H, R, W, and M; D will print before R and W;

G, H, and K will print before W; Z will print before L, V, and W; and W will print before R; the said types used at the end of syllables, after vowels, being arranged in said machine so that.

reading from left to right, R will print before L; both R and L will print before N,' K, M, V, D, F, P, SH, B, G, TH, T, Z, CH, ST, and the `second S; the flrst S will print before K, M, D, P, T, and the second S; N will print before K, D, G, TH, T, Z, CH, ST, and the second S; K will print before D, T, and the second S; M will print before D, P, T, Z, and the second S; V will print before Z and the second S; D will print before G, TH, Z, ST, and the second S; F will print before TH, T, and

the second S; P will print before T and the second 40 S; SH will print before T, Z, and the second S; KS will print before TH and T; G, CH, B, and TH will print before Z and the second S; G will print before 'I'H and ST; and T will print before the second S; and the said types for printing the vowels being arranged in said machine sox that, reading from left to right, O will print before A,.I, and U; A will print before I and U; and I will print before U; and means including a plurality of keys operatively connected to said types for mounting and actuating said types for printing selectively one or more of the said type characters, all of the types used at the beginning of syllables being mounted to print at the left of said vowel types and all of said vowel types being mounted to print at the left of those used at the end of syllables.

38. In a phonetic typewriting machine a set of types for printing consonantal characters both at the beginning of syllables before vowels and at the end of syllables after vowels, for printing vowel sounds of syllables, and for printing numerals, the types used at the beginning of syllables before vowels being S, F, D, T, H, G, K, W, B, P, R, M, L, Y, N; those used at the end of syllables after vowels being R, L, a first S, N, K, M, D, G, P, F, T, B, TH, Z,"and asecond S; those used for the vowels being O, OO, A, E, I, U; and those used for the numerals being 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 0; the said types used at the beginning fhsyllables before vowels being arranged in the said machine so that reading from left to right B, G, K, and P will print before L and R; S will print before T, F, H, K, P, L, W, M and N T wm print before H, R, W, and M; D w'iu print before R and W; G, H, and K, will print before W; and W will print before R, the said types used at the end of syllables,'after vowels, being arranged in said machine so that, reading from left to right, R will print before L; both R and L will print before N, K, M, D, F, P, B, G, TH, T, Z, and the second S; the first S will print before K, M, DI P, T,and the second S; N will print before K, D, G, TH, T, Z, and the second S; K will print before D, T, and the second S; M will print before D, P, T, Z, and the second S; D will print before G, TH, Z, and the second S; F will print before TH, T, and the second S; P Will print before T and the second S; G Will print before TH; B, G, and TH will print before Z and the second S; and T will print before the second S; and the said types for printing the vowels'being arranged in said machine so that, reading from left to right, O will print before A, I, and U; A will printl before I and U; and I will print before U; and means including a plurality of keys operatively connected to said types for mounting and actuating said types for printing selectively one or more of the said type characters, all of the types used at the beginning of syllables being mounted to print at the left of said vowel types and all of said vowel types being mounted to print at the left of those used at the end of syllables.

39. In a phonetic typewriting machine a set of types for printing the final consonantal sounds of a syllable and comprising characters R, L, a first S, N, K, M, D, G, P, F, T, B, 'I'I-I, Z, and a second S, a plurality of type bars each having a pair of certain of said type characters thereon, a plurality of type bars each having a single one of certain of said type characters thereon, a plurality of main keys, means to connect each of said main keys with a type bar so as to causesaid type bar to move in a predetermined direction when said main key is depressed to print one of said type characters carried by said type bar l when said type bar carries a pair of type characters or to print a single type character when said type bar carries a vsingle type character, va

plurality of shift keys, each of said shift keys being closely associated with one of said main keys which is connected to one of said type bars carrying a pair of said type characters, so that the shift key may be depressed simultaneously with its associated main key and with a single finger,

means connecting each shift key with the type bar connected to the associated main key to shift the direction of movementof the type bar when the shift key and its associated main key are simultaneously depressed, whereby another type character on said type bar is printed, said type characters being arranged in the machine so that, reading from left to right, R will be printed before L; R and L will print before N, K, M, D, F, P, B,

before TH; B, G, and TI-I will print before Z and the second S; and T will print before the second S.

40. In a phonetic typewriting machine a set of types for printing the final consonantal sounds of a syllable and comprising the type characters,

characters carried thereby when said main key is depressed, a plurality of shift keys, each of said shift keys being closely associated with one of said main keys so that the shift key may be depressed simultaneously with its associated main key and with a single finger, means connecting each shift key with the type bar connected to the associated main key to shift the direction of movement of the type bar when the shift key and its associated main key are simultaneously depressed whereby another type character on said type bar is printed, said type characters being arranged on said type bars and said'type bars being arranged in the machine so that, reading from left to right, R will print before L; R and L will print before N, K, M, V, D, F, P, SI-I, B, G, TH, T, Z, CH, ST, and the second S; the rst S will print before K, M, D, P, T, and the second S; N will print before K, D, G, TH, T, Z, CH, ST, and the second S; K will print before D, T, andthe second S; M will print before D, P, T, Z, and the second S`; V will print before Z and the second S; D will print before G, TH, Z, ST, and the second S; F will print before TH, T, and the second S; P will print before T and the second S; SH will print before T, Z, and the second S; KS will print be fore 'IH and T; G, CH, B, and TH will print before Z and the second S; G will print before TH and ST; and T will print before the second S.

41. In a phonetic typewriting machine a set of type characters for printing the vowel sounds of a l syllable including the characters O, OO, A, E,

acters and U, main keys, each of said type bars having a main key operatively connected to it whereby when its key is depressed said type bar is moved to print one of said characters and a shift 55 key operativelyconected with it for causing said `type bar to move in a different direction when both said main key and said shift key are depressed for causing the other of said characters to print, said type characters being 'arranged on said type bars-so that said main keys will print the characters O, A, I and U, said type bars being arranged in said machine so that O will print before A, I, and U; A will print before I and U; and

I will print before U.

J. LEE SWEENEY. 

